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Norwegian Chess Championship

The Norwegian Chess Championship (NM i sjakk) is an annual tournament held in Norway during the month of July, in order to determine the national chess champion. The tournament is held at different venues each year as part of the Landsturnering (National tournament). Clubs may bid for this tournament, which is awarded by the Norwegian Chess Federation (Norges Sjakkforbund).

Past events and champions

This table summarizes all past championship events. The tournament was not held in 1928 and 1939 due to the Nordic Championships being held in Oslo those years, nor was there any event between 1940 and 1944, when Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany.

The number of participants is the number of players in the entire Landsturnering, not just the championship section. The champions are listed along with the club they represented when they won the championship. Titles decided by play-off matches due to equal scores in the main tournament are noted.

Year	City	Champion and club	Participants
1918	Kristiania (Oslo)	Josef Lilja, CS (Christiania Schakselskab)	30
1919	Kristiania (Oslo)	Jac. A. Brekke, CS	30
1920	Kristiania (Oslo)	Jac. A. Brekke, CS	32
1921	Bergen	H. G. Hansen, CS (after play-offs)	27
1922	Kristiania (Oslo)	A. M. Erichsen, CS	30
1923	Kristiania (Oslo)	Jac. A. Brekke, CS	30
1924	Kristiania (Oslo)	Leif F. D. Lund, CS	49
1925	Oslo	Jac. A. Brekke, SK Centrum, Oslo	66
1926	Bergen	H. C. Christoffersen, Drammens SK (after play-offs)	50
1927	Trondheim	H. G. Hansen, OSS (Oslo Schakselskap)	40
1929	Drammen	H. C. Christoffersen, Drammens SK	33
1930	Oslo	Olaf M. Olsen (later Olaf Barda), SK Odin, Oslo (after play-offs)	45
1931	Stavanger	Andreas Gulbrandsen, Moss SK	35
1932	Bergen	Eugen Johnsen, SK Odin	58
1933	Fredrikstad	Trygve Halvorsen, OSS (after play-offs)	48
1934	Hamar	Trygve Halvorsen, OSS	42
1935	Sandefjord	Jørgen Saurén, OSS	48
1936	Oslo	H. C. Christoffersen, Drammens SK	60
1937	Trondheim	Arne S.B. Krogdahl, OSS	31
1938	Grimstad	Oluf Kavlie-Jørgensen, Bergens SK	53
1945	Oslo	Ernst Rojahn, Tønsberg SK (after play-offs)	132
1946	Bergen	Erling Myhre, OSS (after play-offs)	109
1947	Kristiansand	Olaf Barda, OSS	79
1948	Fredrikstad	Olaf Barda, OSS (after play-offs)	96
1949	Oslo	Aage Vestøl, OSS	125
1950	Trondheim	Erling Myhre, OSS	96
1951	Stavanger	Harry Kongshavn, OSS	127
1952	Skien	Olaf Barda, OSS	165
1953	Fredrikstad	Olaf Barda, OSS	160
1954	Drammen	Einar Haave, Stavanger SK	120
1955	Stabekk	Erling Myhre, OSS	113
1956	Steinkjer	Otto B. Morcken, OSS	94
1957	Lillehammer	Olaf Barda, OSS	148
1958	Ålesund	Ernst Rojahn, Tønsberg SK	111
1959	Oslo	Svein Johannessen, OSS	131
1960	Fredrikstad	Daan de Lange, Hamar SS	108
1961	Sandefjord	Per Ofstad, Bergens SK	145
1962	Hamar	Svein Johannessen, OSS	174
1963	Moss	Ragnar Hoen, OSS	156
1964	Oslo	Arne Zwaig, OSS	143
1965	Mosjøen	Arne V. Gulbrandsen, OSS	112
1966	Bodø	Paul Svedenborg, Narvik SK	160
1967	Bergen	Paul Svedenborg, Narvik SK	130
1968	Oslo	Arne V. Gulbrandsen, OSS	202
1969	Hamar	Arne Zwaig, OSS	178
1970	Kristiansund	Svein Johannessen, OSS	156
1971	Skien	Terje Wibe, OSS (after play-offs)	214
1972	Røros	Erling Kristiansen	270
1973	Sandnes	Svein Johannessen, SK Fischer	326
1974	Sandefjord	Leif Øgaard, OSS	378
1975	Oslo	Leif Øgaard, OSS	327
1976	Harstad	Knut J. Helmers, SK Stjernen	215
1977	Bergen	Knut J. Helmers, SK Stjernen	330
1978	Risør	Ragnar Hoen, OSS	375
1979	Molde	Leif Øgaard, OSS	419
1980	Oslo	Sverre Heim, Akademisk SK	546
1981	Kirkenes	Ragnar Hoen, OSS	226
1982	Lillehammer	Simen Agdestein, Asker SK (after play-offs)	417
1983	Trondheim	Bjørn Tiller, OSS	377
1984	Oslo	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK	427
1985	Gausdal	Leif Øgaard, Brugata SK	299
1986	Steinkjer	Simen Agdestein, OSS	297
1987	Kristiansand	Jonathan Tisdall, Brugata SK (after play-offs)	437
1988	Asker	Simen Agdestein, OSS	564
1989	Randaberg	Simen Agdestein, OSS	446
1990	Brønnøysund	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK	334
1991	Gjøvik	Jonathan Tisdall, Brugata SK	587
1992	Kristiansund	Einar Gausel, OSS	463
1993	Oslo	Leif Øgaard, OSS	588
1994	Drammen	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK	519
1995	Namsos	Jonathan Tisdall, Nordstrand SK	433
1996	Alta	Einar Gausel, OSS	299
1997	Stavanger	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK	486
1998	Oslo	Roy H. Fyllingen, Bergens SK	537
1999	Gausdal	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK (after play-offs)	414
2000	Asker	Simen Agdestein, NTG (after play-offs)	427
2001	Kristiansund	Einar Gausel, OSS	420
2002	Røros	Simen Agdestein, NTG	549
2003	Fredrikstad	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK	623
2004	Molde	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK (after play-offs)	520
2005	Sandnes	Simen Agdestein, NTG (after play-offs)	583
2006	Moss (Mossehallen)	Magnus Carlsen, NTG (after play-offs)	533
2007	Hamar (Scandic Hotel)	Espen Lie, Porsgrunn (after play-offs)	501
2008	Tønsberg (Slagenhallen)	Frode Elsness, Moss (after play-offs)	471
2009	Bergen (Haukelandshallen)	Kjetil Aleksander Lie, Porsgrunn	513
2010	Fredrikstad	Kjetil Aleksander Lie, Porsgrunn (after play-offs)	485
2011	Oslo(Njårdhallen)	Berge Østenstad, Asker SK (after play-offs)	496
2012	Sandefjord	Frode Olav Olsen Urkedal, SK 1911 (after play-offs)	437
2013	Lillehammer	Jon Ludvig Hammer, OSS	490
2014	Trondheim	Frode Olav Olsen Urkedal, SK 1911	503
2015	Oslo (Oppsal Arena)	Aryan Tari, Vålerenga SK	671
2016	Tromsø
2017	Stavanger
2018	Moss (option)

Rules for participation and other classes

The rules for participation are governed by the Norwegian Chess Federation (NSF).

The championship ("Elite") section is restricted to the top-rated players. In order to play for the most prestigious title of national chess champion, a player must meet at least one of the following criteria:

Won the Norwegian Championship in one of the three preceding years.
Finished third or better in last year's championship.
Won the national championship in the Junior section the previous year.
Finished second or better in the Master section (the second highest section, immediately below Elite) the previous year.
Made a tournament result which grants or would grant (for players who already have an IM title) a norm for the title of International Master during the previous year.
Have a sufficiently high Elo rating (as of 2011 the lower limit is 2350).
Been deemed otherwise eligible for participation by the Elite Committee of the Norwegian Chess Federation.

In general, an even number of participants is sought in the championship section to prevent byes from occurring.

However, the Landsturnering has several sections for lower-rated players, as well as sections for different age groups. In general, players must be members of the Norwegian Chess Federation, or a club affiliated with the federation, although exceptions may be made if the person is a member of another national chess federation. To be eligible for a championship title, a player must either be a Norwegian citizen or have been a resident of Norway for the past year.

The current regulations provide for the following age categories:

Senior A (over 60)
Senior B (over 60, rating under 1500)
Junior A (under 20)
Junior B (under 20, rating under 1500)
Cadet A (under 16)
Cadet B (under 16, rating under 1250)
Lilleputt (under 13)
Miniputt (under 11)

The Senior, Junior and Cadet categories are split into an "A" and "B" group by rating, but are combined if either of the groups has fewer than 10 participants. A separate section for Junior B has not been arranged in the last few tournaments, and in 2008 the number of entries for that section was zero.

The rating sections are open for players of all age groups, and are divided into the classes

Mester (Master) (rating over 2000)
1 (rating 1750-1999)
2 (rating 1500-1749)
3 (rating 1250-1499)
4 (rating 1000-1249)
5 (players not qualifying for a higher section)

A player cannot be required to play in a higher class than what the last rating list indicates; however, a player may elect to play up if a sufficiently high rating was obtained on any of the four official rating lists during the year. In addition, players may elect to play in a higher section if they scored at least 60% in that same class the previous year, if they were in the top 7% of the class below the previous year, or if they won the Norwegian Grand Prix tournament series for the rating class below in the previous year. In addition, winners of the individual circuit championships and the champion of Northern Norway are automatically qualified for play in the Master class, regardless of rating. The top two finishers of the Master class qualify for next year's championship section.

Arrangement

In the past ten years, the championship section has had approximately 20 players. If there are at least 16 players, it is arranged as a nine-round Monrad tournament, a system similar to the Swiss system tournament. The official Norwegian Chess Federation policies also allow the tournament to be arranged as a round-robin with 10 or 12 players. From 2013 the regular Swiss system will be used in the Championship section, and be an alternative to the Monrad in the other sections.

If two or more players are tied for points at the end of the tournament, the tiebreak rules depend on the system used. When the tournament is arranged as a Monrad, a modified Buchholz system is used, where the first tiebreak is the sum of a player's opponents' scores, except the two weakest. If still tied, the second weakest and then the weakest scores are added to the tiebreak points. If still tied, the Neustadtl score, that is the sum of defeated opponents' scores plus half of drawn opponents' scores, is used. In 2015, when the Swiss System was used in all sections, the tiebreaks, in order, were median Buchholz (strongest and weakest opponents discounted), Buchholz -1 (weakest opponent discounted), regular Buchholz, and finally the average rating of opponents.

Prior to 2014 the Championship, Junior, Cadet and Senior sections, a tied score resulted in a play-off for the title within 60 days after the end of the main tournament. The rules of the play-off changed several times. A rule change in 2013 abolished the play-off entirely effective from the 2014 tournament.

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