There are two main types of domino game played in Jamaica: Partner (most favoured and played in world tournaments) and Cut Throat (in which each player plays for himself). A variation known as French is also described on this page.
Only four persons can play. Sitting around a square table, your partner is the person directly in front of you. Each person plays to help his partner and himself while trying to pass the opponent.
The game uses a double six domino set.
Each player receives 7 tiles.
The first hand begins with the individual who has in his hand the double six tile. In tournament play, this player must begin by playing the [6-6]. In in informal games the holder of the [6-6] is allowed announce that he is "sporting" and begin with a different tile.
In the second and subsequent hands, the team that won the previous hand plays first. Having seen their tiles the players of this team may discuss which of them will start (but are not allowed to tell each other what tiles they hold), and the player who starts may begin with any tile.
Play continues anti-clockwise. As usual, a turn consists of playing one tile to extend one of the two ends of the layout, and the touching ends of adjacent dominoes must match. Doubles are traditionally played at right angles across the line. If a player cannot play then he passes his turn.
The hand ends when an individual first finishes playing all tiles from his hand, or when the game becomes blocked, so that no one is able to play a tile.
At the end of the hand, the winning team scores one point.
The aim is to win six times in succession - to "give your opponent six love (6 - 0)". So long as one side keeps winning, they add points to their total. If the other side wins a hand, the score returns to 0 - 0, and the next hand is begun by the holder of the double six.
Exception: Many play the variation in which, when the game reaches 1 - 1, instead of starting over, there is a play-off hand. The team that wins the play-off hand then has a score of 2 - 0 and starts the next hand.
In the case of a tie, the hand is replayed. If the score was 0 - 0, the holder of the [6-6] starts the replay, but the replay is worth 2 points, taking the winning team to a 2 - 0 score. If one team already has a score, that team starts, and if they win the replay they add two points. If the leading team loses the replay, the score is reset to 0 - 0.
If the first replay is also a tie, there will be a second replay for 3 points, and if that is also a tie, the third replay is for 4 points, and so on. That is to say, if the score was 0 - 0 or the leading team wins, the winners add the appropriate number of points (one for the current deal and one for each tied deal that preceded it), but if the leading team loses the score is simply reset to 0 - 0.
When playing "cut throat" the size of the hand varies with the number of players:
The play is the same as in the partner game. Each player keeps a score of games won and the first player to achieve 6 wins is the overall winner, provided that another player has zero. If everyone wins a hand before anyone reaches 6, the score returns to zero points each.
There are four players, each playing for himself (cut throat). The players draw from the boneyard 7 tiles each and the holder of the double zero plays it first.
The hand is played anti-clockwise. Four tiles with a blank must be played against the four sides of the [0-0] before any other tiles can be played. This creates a layout with four arms. The next tile played on each of the arms must be the appropriate double, and as soon as the double is in place the arm can be continued using normal matching rules (it is not necessary to wait for all four doubles to be played. The hand is won when an individual finishes the tiles in his hand.
At the end of each hand the numbers on the tiles in each person's hand are added to his running score. If a double tile is in an individual's hand then his score for that hand is doubled. The game ends when an individual reaches one hundred and declared the loser. The player with the lowest score at that point is the winner.
This Puerto Rican game, also known as Shutout, is described on Jose Carrillo's page. The 4-player game is similar to the Jamaican partner game described above, except that only 4 games in a row are needed to win a match. Blocked games are normally won by the team having the lower score, the player of this team with the lower count starting the next hand.
The 2- and 3-player versions of Chiva are played as a draw games, each player receiving 7 tiles. A player who cannot play draws tiles from the boneyard until able to play or until the boneyard is empty. In the 3-player game the object is to win 4 games while one of the other players has none.
Jose Carrillo's page also describes other Puerto Rican domino games: Quinientos, Doscientos and Gallinazo.