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World Chess Championship 1990

The World Chess Championship 1990 was played between Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov. It was the fifth and final Kasparov-Karpov championship match, Kasparov winning by a single point.

1987 Interzonal tournaments

Three Interzonals were held in the summer of 1987, with 16 to 18 players playing in each and the top three scorers from each qualifying.

June-July 1987 Interzonal, Subotica
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total Tie break
1 Gyula Sax (Hungary) 2570 - 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 0 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 10½ 74.25
2 Nigel Short (England) 2615 0 - ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 10½ 73.00
3 Jon Speelman (England) 2550 ½ ½ - 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 10½ 70.75
4 Mikhail Tal (Soviet Union) 2605 ½ ½ 1 - ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 0 1 10 72.50
5 Zoltán Ribli (Hungary) 2580 ½ 0 0 ½ - ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 63.25
6 Amador Rodríguez Cespedes (Cuba) 2495 0 0 ½ ½ ½ - ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 ½ 1 1 1
7 Slavoljub Marjanović (Yugoslavia) 2505 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ - ½ 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 8
8 Vasily Smyslov (Soviet Union) 2550 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ - ½ 0 0 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 52.00
9 Alexander Chernin (Soviet Union) 2570 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ - 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 51.00
10 Petar Popović (Yugoslavia) 2540 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 0 - 1 0 0 ½ ½ 1 7
11 Alonso Zapata (Colombia) 2505 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 - ½ 0 1 ½ 1
12 Thomas Ernst (Sweden) 2465 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 ½ - 1 1 1 0 6
13 Lev Alburt (United States) 2575 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 1 1 0 - ½ 0 ½
14 Xu Jun (China) 2495 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 0 ½ - 1 ½ 5
15 Devaki Prasad (India) 2425 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 0 - ½ 4
16 Ahmed Ibrahim Hamed (Egypt) 2310 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ ½ - 3

In the first tournament in Subotica, Sax, Short, and Speelman qualified. Lubomir Kavalek withdrew after six rounds; his results are not included in the totals for the other players. Robert Hübner was invited, but declined to participate. As a result, Ribli had a free day during the last round. To show his displeasure, he refused to take part in a playoff against Tal, which could have been important, if a reserve spot had opened up in the Candidates Tournament.

July-August 1987 Interzonal, Szirak
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total Tie break
1 Valery Salov (Soviet Union) 2575 - ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 12½ 97.25
2 Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland) 2550 ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 12½ 96.50
3 Lajos Portisch (Hungary) 2615 ½ ½ - ½ 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 12 98.50
4 John Nunn (England) 2585 ½ ½ ½ - ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 0 1 1 1 12 92.50
5 Alexander Beliavsky (Soviet Union) 2630 0 ½ 0 ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 11
6 Ulf Andersson (Sweden) 2600 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ - ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 10½
7 Ljubomir Ljubojević (Yugoslavia) 2625 ½ 0 1 0 ½ ½ - ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 10
8 Larry Christiansen (United States) 2575 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ - ½ 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 ½ 1 1 9
9 Joel Benjamin (United States) 2575 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ - 0 ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 61.75
10 Miodrag Todorcevic (Yugoslavia) 2475 1 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 - 1 0 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 59.75
11 Mihail Marin (Romania) 2475 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 - 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 52.75
12 Dragoljub Velimirović (Yugoslavia) 2520 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 0 - 1 ½ 1 0 1 1 51.75
13 András Adorján (Hungary) 2540 0 1 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 - 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 7 55.00
14 Gilberto Milos (Brazil) 2495 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ 0 - ½ 1 0 1 7 49.75
15 Glenn Flear (England) 2480 0 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ - ½ 1 1 6
16 Jesús de la Villa (Spain) 2485 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ - 0 1
17 Slim Bouaziz (Tunisia) 2370 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 0 1 - ½
18 Denis Allan (Canada) 2310 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ -

In the Szirák tournament, Valery Salov and Jóhann Hjartarson finished at the top of the table, while Lajos Portisch and John Nunn tied for third. The last place in the Candidates Tournament was decided in a separate playoff in Budapest, with Portisch defeating Nunn 4-2.

August 1987 Interzonal, Zagreb
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total Tie break
1 Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland) 2630 - ½ 1 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 11
2 Jaan Ehlvest (Soviet Union) 2540 ½ - ½ ½ 1 1 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 0 10 80.75
3 Yasser Seirawan (United States) 2600 0 ½ - 1 ½ ½ 1 0 0 1 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 10 73.50
4 Jesus Nogueiras (Cuba) 2555 1 ½ 0 - 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 71.00
5 Predrag Nikolić (Yugoslavia) 2620 ½ 0 ½ 0 - ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 67.50
6 Julio Granda (Peru) 2525 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 0 0 0 0 67.50
7 Eugenio Torre (Philippines) 2540 1 1 0 ½ 1 ½ - ½ 0 1 ½ ½ 0 0 1 ½ 1 9
8 Lev Polugaevsky (Soviet Union) 2595 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ - ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 65.25
9 Vereslav Eingorn (Soviet Union) 2575 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ - ½ 0 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 61.25
10 Yehuda Gruenfeld (Israel) 2545 0 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ - 0 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 59.50
11 József Pintér (Hungary) 2575 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 - 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 59.25
12 Krunoslav Hulak (Yugoslavia) 2495 0 0 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 0 0 - ½ 1 ½ 1 1
13 Ventzislav Inkiov (Bulgaria) 2485 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ 7
14 Tony Miles (England) 2585 ½ 0 1 ½ 0 0 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ - 0 0 1
15 Dragan Barlov (Yugoslavia) 2555 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 1 0 0 ½ ½ 1 - ½ 1 6
16 Jörg Hickl (West Germany) 2455 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ 1 ½ - 1 5
17 Fletcher Baragar (Canada) 2320 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 -

Viktor Korchnoi emerged as winner of the last tournament in Zagreb, ahead of Jaan Ehlvest and Yasser Seirawan. In an extra playoff in Havana in November, Nikolić took the place as reserve for the Candidates Tournament with 6 points, ahead of Granda (4) and Nogueiras (2). No reserve was needed, however.

1988-90 Candidates Tournament

In addition to nine players from the Interzonals, the top four of the previous Candidates Tournament (Sokolov, Timman, Vaganian, and Yusupov) qualified directly for this tournament. The Canadian organizers of the preliminary matches (which were held in Saint John, New Brunswick) nominated one player, (Spraggett). Finally, Karpov, the challenger in the previous cycle, was seeded into the quarterfinals.

  Preliminary matches
Saint John, Jan-Feb 1988
Quarterfinals
Antwerp, London, Quebec, and Seattle, Aug 1988 - Feb 1989
Semifinals
London, Oct 1989
Final
Kuala Lumpur, Mar 1990
                                     
   Lajos Portisch  
   Rafael Vaganian  
      Lajos Portisch  
        Jan Timman  
   Valery Salov
   Jan Timman  
      Jan Timman  
      Jon Speelman  
   Jon Speelman 4  
   Yasser Seirawan 1  
      Jon Speelman
        Nigel Short  
   Nigel Short
   Gyula Sax  
      Jan Timman
      Anatoly Karpov
   Artur Yusupov  
   Jaan Ehlvest  
      Artur Yusupov 5
        Kevin Spraggett 4  
   Kevin Spraggett
   Andrei Sokolov  
      Artur Yusupov
      Anatoly Karpov  
   Jóhann Hjartarson  
   Viktor Korchnoi  
      Jóhann Hjartarson
      Anatoly Karpov  
   

Karpov won, once again facing Kasparov for the fifth and final time in seven years. Karpov later alleged that a Dutch sponsor had offered to pay him to lose the match against Timman.

1990 Championship match

The first twelve games were played in New York (8 October - 7 November), the other twelve taking place in Lyon, France (26 November - 30 December).

World Chess Championship Match 1990
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total
Anatoly Karpov (Soviet Union) 2730 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 1 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 11½
Garry Kasparov (Soviet Union) 2800 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 ½ 12½

Kasparov won and retained his title.

Controversy

Although still a Soviet citizen, Kasparov refused to play under the flag of the Soviet Union. Instead, he wanted to use the Russian flag; not the flag of the RSFSR, but the old tri-color - which, incidentally, would be re-adopted after the collapse of the Soviet Union a year later. Kasparov was indeed allowed to play with a small Russian tri-color at the table.

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