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Byzantine Blackwood convention

Byzantine Blackwood is a bidding convention in the game of bridge. Devised by Jack Marx, it is a complex version of the Blackwood convention (by which a four notrump (4NT) call asks about partner's honor card holdings). Its premise is that both aces and kings may safely be shown in response to a Blackwood-type 4NT enquiry; provided that such kings are in well-defined key or half-key suits, there being no more than two such suits. The name was chosen to express the idea that Byzantine Blackwood is a development from Roman Blackwood, by analogy with the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire; rather than that the convention is of Byzantine complexity. It seems to be little used nowadays (2014), most experts employing some form of Roman Key Card Blackwood.

Key suits

Key suits are defined as:

Half key suits

A half-key suit is defined as a genuine suit that has been bid but not supported. When each partner has bid a half-key suit, the suit bid by the four notrump bidder is the half-key suit in which a king may be shown.

Response schemes

Byzantine is initiated by a call of four notrump and there are two scales of responses: one for use when there is only one key suit, and one when there are two. If there is only one key suit, the king of a half-key suit may be shown; if there are two key suits, half-key suits are not shown. The responses to 4NT are:

Bid Meaning when one key suit Meaning when two key suits
5♣ 0A; 3A; or 2A+kK 0A; 3A; or 2A+kK
5♦ 1A; 4A; or 3A+kK 1A; 4A; or 3A+kK
5♥ 2A; A+kK+kQ; or kA+kK+hK 2A; k(A+K+Q); or A+2kK
5♠ 2A+kK+kQ; or 3A+hK 2A+k(K+Q); 2A+2kK; or A+kK+k(K+Q)
5NT 3A+kK+kQ; or 4A+kK 3A+k(K+Q); 3A+2kK; 4A+kK; 2A+kK+k(K+Q); or A+2k(K+Q)


Table legend:

A = ace
kA = key suit Ace
kK = key suit king
kQ = key suit queen
k(A+K+Q) = ace, king and queen of the same key suit
hK = half-key suit king

Thus, when there is only one key suit, a Byzantine 5♣ response shows either: no aces, three aces, or two aces plus the key-suit king. The response when there are two key suits is the same; but when the answer is, say, 5♥, thr meaning depends upon the preceding bidding sequence:

Opener Responder
1NT 2♦*
2♥ 4NT
5♥

If 2♦ is a Game Forcing Stayman or a 2♥ transfer, then 4NT agrees to hearts as trump and 5♥ shows two aces, or one ace and ♥KQ. As there is no half-key suit the third option is invalid.

Opener Responder
1♥ 1♠
3♠ 4NT
5♥

Here there is a key suit and one half-key suit. The 5♥ response shows any two aces; ♥AKQ; or any ace plus ♠K and ♥K.

Applications

Responses are given in the style of Roman Key Card Blackwood and may be based on a key-suit king instead of one of the aces normally shown. Key suits include:

Not applied

Byzantine Blackwood is not used when there are more than two key suits.

Opener Responder
1♠ 2♦
2♥ 4NT
5♥

Here there is a key suit (hearts, agreed by implication) and two half suits (spades and diamonds). So, according to partnership agreements, it is plain Blackwood showing two aces or RKCB showing two keycards without the queen of trumps.

Byzantine Blackwood is not used in the first round of bidding, i.e., 1♥ - 4NT, as responder may only be interested in aces. Partnership agreement is required on whether the 4NT call is Blackwood or RKCB. Many expert pairs employ a direct bid of 4NT as regular Blackwood, as recommended by Marty Bergen.

Cue bidding

Cuebidding may follow the response of four notrump. In addition, after a response to four notrump has been made, a bid of five notrump asks for additional high card features. A king or doubleton king-queen not already shown in response to four notrump counts as one feature; a guarded king-queen combination not already shown count as two features. The responses are:

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